Employment in Meteorology (and education for employment)

I want to study meteorology. What career opportunities are available to meteorologists, and what schools offer meteorology programs?

The American Meteorological Society has published a guide to careers in atmospheric research and applied meteorology that answers a lot of questions about the profession, including what meteorologists earn, where they work, and what kind of education is needed.

Many universities offer programs in meteorology or atmospheric sciences. UCAR/AMS has a good index of colleges that offer meteorology curricula.

Also see the question, "How do I get a job in the National Weather Service?".